Pilar Prieto M

M. P. Prieto Martínez y L. Salanova (coords.) (2013). Current researches on Bell Beakers. Proceedings of the 15th International Bell Beaker Conference: From Atlantic to Ural. 5th - 9th May 2011 Poio Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain. Copynino-Centro de Impresión Digital. Santiago de Compostela. ISBN: 978-84-941537-0-9

Iñigo Olalde, Selina Brace, Morten E. Allentoft, Ian Armit, Kristian Kristiansen, Thomas Booth, Nadin Rohland, Swapan Mallick, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Alissa Mittnik, Eveline Altena, Mark Lipson, Iosif Lazaridis, Thomas K. Harper, Nick Patterson, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Yoan Diekmann, Zuzana Faltyskova, Daniel Fernandes, Matthew Ferry, Eadaoin Harney, Peter de Knijff, Megan Michel, Jonas Oppenheimer, Kristin Stewardson, Alistair Barclay, Kurt Werner Alt, Corina Liesau, Patricia Ríos, Concepción Blasco, Jorge Vega Miguel, Roberto Menduiña García, Azucena Avilés Fernández, Eszter Bánffy, Maria Bernabò-Brea, David Billoin, Clive Bonsall, Laura Bonsall, Tim Allen, Lindsey Büster, Sophie Carver, Laura Castells Navarro, Oliver E. Craig, Gordon T. Cook, Barry Cunliffe, Anthony Denaire, Kirsten Egging Dinwiddy, Natasha Dodwell, Michal Ernée, Christopher Evans, Milan Kuchařík, Joan Francès Farré, Chris Fowler, Michiel Gazenbeek, Rafael Garrido Pena, María Haber-Uriarte, Elżbieta Haduch, Gill Hey, Nick Jowett, Timothy Knowles, Ken Massy, Saskia Pfrengle, Philippe Lefranc, Olivier Lemercier, Arnaud Lefebvre, César Heras Martínez, Virginia Galera Olmo, Ana Bastida Ramírez, Joaquín Lomba Maurandi, Tona Majó, Jacqueline I. McKinley, Kathleen McSweeney, Balázs Gusztáv Mende, Alessandra Mod, Gabriella Kulcsár, Viktória Kiss, András Czene, Róbert Patay, Anna Endrődi, Kitti Köhler, Tamás Hajdu, Tamás Szeniczey, János Dani, Zsolt Bernert, Maya Hoole, Olivia Cheronet, Denise Keating, Petr Velemínský, Miroslav Dobeš, Francesca Candilio, Fraser Brown, Raúl Flores Fernández, Ana-Mercedes Herrero-Corral, Sebastiano Tusa, Emiliano Carnieri, Luigi Lentini, Antonella Valenti, Alessandro Zanini, Clive Waddington, Germán Delibes, Elisa Guerra-Doce, Benjamin Neil, Marcus Brittain, Mike Luke, Richard Mortimer, Jocelyne Desideri, Marie Besse, Günter Brücken, Mirosław Furmanek, Agata Hałuszko, Maksym Mackiewicz, Artur Rapiński, Stephany Leach, Ignacio Soriano, Katina T. Lillios, João Luís Cardoso, Michael Parker Pearson, Piotr Włodarczak, T. Douglas Price, Pilar Prieto, Pierre-Jérôme Rey, Roberto Risch, Manuel A. Rojo Guerra, Aurore Schmitt, Joël Serralongue, Ana Maria Silva, Václav Smrčka, Luc Vergnaud, João Zilhão, David Caramelli, Thomas Higham, Mark G. Thomas, Douglas J. Kennett, Harry Fokkens, Volker Heyd, Alison Sheridan, Karl-Göran Sjögren, Philipp W. Stockhammer, Johannes Krause, Ron Pinhasi, Wolfgang Haak, Ian Barnes, Carles Lalueza-Fox, David Reich

From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain’s gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries.

Bell Beaker pottery spread across western and central Europe beginning around 2750 BCE before disappearing between 2200-1800 BCE. The mechanism of its expansion is a topic of long-standing debate, with support for both cultural diffusion and human migration. We present new genome-wide ancient DNA data from 170 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 100 Beaker-associated individuals. In contrast to the Corded Ware Complex, which has previously been identified as arriving in central Europe following migration from the east, we observe limited genetic affinity between Iberian and central European Beaker Complex-associated individuals, and thus exclude migration as a significant mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, human migration did have an important role in the further dissemination of the Beaker Complex, which we document most clearly in Britain using data from 80 newly reported individuals dating to 3900-1200 BCE. British Neolithic farmers were genetically similar to contemporary populations in continental Europe and in particular to Neolithic Iberians, suggesting that a portion of the farmer ancestry in Britain came from the Mediterranean rather than the Danubian route of farming expansion. Beginning with the Beaker period, and continuing through the Bronze Age, all British individuals harboured high proportions of Steppe ancestry and were genetically closely related to Beaker-associated individuals from the Lower Rhine area. We use these observations to show that the spread of the Beaker Complex to Britain was mediated by migration from the continent that replaced >90% of Britain's Neolithic gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the process that brought Steppe ancestry into central and northern Europe 400 years earlier.

From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain’s gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries.

Iñigo Olalde, Selina Brace, Morten E. Allentoft, Ian Armit, Kristian Kristiansen, Thomas Booth, Nadin Rohland, Swapan Mallick, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Alissa Mittnik, Eveline Altena, Mark Lipson, Iosif Lazaridis, Thomas K. Harper, Nick Patterson, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Yoan Diekmann, Zuzana Faltyskova, Daniel Fernandes, Matthew Ferry, Eadaoin Harney, Peter de Knijff, Megan Michel, Jonas Oppenheimer, Kristin Stewardson, Alistair Barclay, Kurt Werner Alt, Corina Liesau, Patricia Ríos, Concepción Blasco, Jorge Vega Miguel, Roberto Menduiña García, Azucena Avilés Fernández, Eszter Bánffy, Maria Bernabò-Brea, David Billoin, Clive Bonsall, Laura Bonsall, Tim Allen, Lindsey Büster, Sophie Carver, Laura Castells Navarro, Oliver E. Craig, Gordon T. Cook, Barry Cunliffe, Anthony Denaire, Kirsten Egging Dinwiddy, Natasha Dodwell, Michal Ernée, Christopher Evans, Milan Kuchařík, Joan Francès Farré, Chris Fowler, Michiel Gazenbeek, Rafael Garrido Pena, María Haber-Uriarte, Elżbieta Haduch, Gill Hey, Nick Jowett, Timothy Knowles, Ken Massy, Saskia Pfrengle, Philippe Lefranc, Olivier Lemercier, Arnaud Lefebvre, César Heras Martínez, Virginia Galera Olmo, Ana Bastida Ramírez, Joaquín Lomba Maurandi, Tona Majó, Jacqueline I. McKinley, Kathleen McSweeney, Balázs Gusztáv Mende, Alessandra Mod, Gabriella Kulcsár, Viktória Kiss, András Czene, Róbert Patay, Anna Endrődi, Kitti Köhler, Tamás Hajdu, Tamás Szeniczey, János Dani, Zsolt Bernert, Maya Hoole, Olivia Cheronet, Denise Keating, Petr Velemínský, Miroslav Dobeš, Francesca Candilio, Fraser Brown, Raúl Flores Fernández, Ana-Mercedes Herrero-Corral, Sebastiano Tusa, Emiliano Carnieri, Luigi Lentini, Antonella Valenti, Alessandro Zanini, Clive Waddington, Germán Delibes, Elisa Guerra-Doce, Benjamin Neil, Marcus Brittain, Mike Luke, Richard Mortimer, Jocelyne Desideri, Marie Besse, Günter Brücken, Mirosław Furmanek, Agata Hałuszko, Maksym Mackiewicz, Artur Rapiński, Stephany Leach, Ignacio Soriano, Katina T. Lillios, João Luís Cardoso, Michael Parker Pearson, Piotr Włodarczak, T. Douglas Price, Pilar Prieto, Pierre-Jérôme Rey, Roberto Risch, Manuel A. Rojo Guerra, Aurore Schmitt, Joël Serralongue, Ana Maria Silva, Václav Smrčka, Luc Vergnaud, João Zilhão, David Caramelli, Thomas Higham, Mark G. Thomas, Douglas J. Kennett, Harry Fokkens, Volker Heyd, Alison Sheridan, Karl-Göran Sjögren, Philipp W. Stockhammer, Johannes Krause, Ron Pinhasi, Wolfgang Haak, Ian Barnes, Carles Lalueza-Fox, David Reich (2018) – The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe, Nature, 21 february 2018, doi:10.1038/nature25738

Abstract
From around 2750 to 2500 BC, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 BC. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain’s gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries.

El único tipo de yacimiento que se conoce en el NW Ibérico en la Edad del Hierro es el castro o asentamiento fortificado. En la región son desconocidos los contextos funerarios de este momento y los asentamientos fuera de recintos fortificados son realmente escasos, siendo las publicaciones sobre ellos todavía más excepcionales. Asimismo, los yacimientos mejor conocidos se adscriben a la II Edad del Hierro sobre todo a partir del s. III BC. El yacimiento de O Cepo es un sitio al aire libre vinculado a un gran afloramiento, que presenta una frecuentación prolongada desde la Prehistoria hasta Época Moderna, aunque la única datación disponible se corresponde con los inicios de la II Edad de Hierro. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una síntesis de los hallazgos más significativos y, particularmente, de la ocupación asociada a la Edad del Hierro, ya que sus características no responden al patrón usual de asentamiento fortificado.

UISPP- Paris 2018
Deadline abstracts: 30 November 2017
Comunications and posters are wellcome
See the pdf for English and Spanish abstract.
La connaissance sur l'âge du Bronze des régions du domaine Atlantique s'est profondément accrue ces trente dernières années, cependant, l'état de la recherche actuelle n'est pas homogène d'un espace à l'autre, ni d'une période à l'autre de l'âge du Bronze. Il persiste, effectivement, des zones pour lesquelles une caractérisation culturelle demeure difficile à établir, en particulier en ce qui concerne celles situées dans l'espace méridional atlantique. Une dichotomie des connaissances entre le nord et le sud de l'espace occidental atlantique est d'ailleurs particulièrement perceptible. Les régions sud-atlantiques, comme la Galice ou encore le nord de la péninsule Ibérique (Asturies, Cantabrie, Pays Basque espagnol), par exemple, n'apparaissent encore que très faiblement dans les travaux destinés à établir une synthèse de la documentation disponible à l'échelle européenne. La connexion de ces territoires méridionaux avec ceux de l'espace septentrional atlantique a principalement été établie à partir de la récurrence de certains artefacts métalliques du Bronze ancien, en revanche, ce lien demeure beaucoup moins patent pour les périodes suivantes, moins bien documentées. L'objectif de cette session est de tenter de caractériser le rapport entre ces deux espaces de l'Europe Atlantique occidentale à partir de l'analyse des contextes funéraires et des aspects variés de la culture matérielle qu'ils nous permettent d'aborder. Afin de caractériser ce lien, nous aimerions, établir un panorama des différents types d'enterrements qui ont été adoptés, leur chronologie, mais aussi leurs mobiliers, à partir de plusieurs types d'analyses:-Des analyses locales centrées sur les régions méridionales atlantiques considérées comme méconnues dans la bibliographie spécialisée.-Des analyses locales centrées sur les régions septentrionales atlantiques à partir d'une documentation archéologique récente et renouvelée.-Des analyses comparatives entre ces régions septentrionales et méridionales de l'Europe Atlantique occidentale qui pourraient permettre de constater les similarités, ou au contraire, les divergences qu'elles arborent.-Des analyses globales qui permettraient, à l'échelle du domaine atlantique, de mettre en place une synthèse de la documentation disponible sur les pratiques funéraires du Bronze moyen et final. Cette session pourrait ainsi aider à mieux comprendre, pour ces périodes, les dynamiques des manifestations funéraires sur ce vaste espace, pour lequel on a supposé, très tôt, une interaction culturelle forte.

Resumen Se describen los resultados del estudio arqueométrico (composición mineral y elemental) de 55 muestras de recipientes campaniformes recuperadas en 8 yacimientos arqueológicos del NW de la Península Ibérica. Las muestras son repre-sentativas de la variación formal de la cerámica (tanto lisa como decorada) y del tipo de contextos (ceremonial, domésti-co y funerario) donde las cerámicas campaniformes fueron encontradas en la región. Las composiciones mineral y elemental mostraron un alto grado de coherencia. La mayor parte de los recipientes tenía composiciones con proporciones variables de feldespato potásico y plagioclasa, o de plagioclasa y anfíbol, coherentes con la litología local. También se encontraron composiciones mezcla de feldespato potásico y anfíbol, que no se encuentran de forma natural en los mate-riales geológicos del entorno, lo que apunta a una mezcla intencional de materias primas. La cerámica campaniforme, comparada con la de otros períodos previos, muestra fuertes cambios en relación con el esti-lo, pero mantiene una continuidad en cuanto al uso de los recursos de materia prima. No se encontró relación entre aspec-tos formales y la composición de la cerámica. La mayor parte de la cerámica estudiada procede probablemente del entor-no de los yacimientos. Un análisis de distancias a las áreas potenciales para los materiales, empleando un sistema de información geográfica, sugiere que prácticamente todas pueden encontrarse en un radio de 16 km (la mayoría entre 2 y 5 km), lo que implica una a dos horas. Parece que el esfuerzo asociado a las cerámicas de contextos ceremoniales fue mayor que el de la cerámica de contextos funerarios y de asentamiento. Abstract We describe the results of an archaeometric study (mineral and elemental composition) of 55 samples from Bell Beaker vessels recovered from 8 archaeological sites in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. The samples are representative of the formal variation of the pottery (both decorated and undecorated) and type of contexts (ceremonial, domestic and funerary) in which Bell Beaker pottery is found in the region. Both, mineral and elemental composition were found to be highly consistent. Most of the vessels had compositions resulting from mixtures of potassium feldspar and plagioclase or plagioclase and amphibole, which are coherent with the local lithology. A few pottery samples showed a mixed composition of potassium feldspar and amphibole, which is not found naturally in the surrounding geological materials, indicating an intentional mixing of different raw materials. Compared to previous periods, Bell Beaker pottery represented a significant change in terms of style but continuity in terms of the use of raw materials. No relationship was found between the formal aspects and the composition of the pottery. Most of the samples we studied were probably manufactured with materials obtained from the area around the sites. An analysis of distances to potential source areas for the materials, using a geographical information system, indicates that almost all can be found within a radius of 16 km (most between 2-5 km), implying between one and two hours walk. A greater effort seems to have been associated to pottery of ceremonial sites compared to funerary and settlement sites.

Resumen El yacimiento de Pena Fita (Lugo) ofrece la peculiaridad de ser una estructura rupestre con la forma de los cimientos de una casa prehistórica hecha en madera, siendo éste un caso único en la región y probablemente en Europa. Se caracteriza el yacimiento y su entorno arqueológico, incluyendo tanto los yacimientos como la cerámica recogida a lo largo de varios años. Se establecerán paralelos con las arquitecturas de la región y se estudiará la cerámica desde un punto de vista formal para identificar fases de actividad en la zona e intentar comprender a partir de ambos estudios la evolución cronológica del área en su conjunto. Palabras clave Galicia, casa alargada/fusiforme, asentamiento al aire libre, Edad del Bronce, LBH, campaniforme, troncocó-nico. Abstract The Pena Fita site (Lugo) offers the peculiarity of being a rock carving in the shape of the foundations of a prehistoric house made in wood, and this is a unique case in the region and probably in Europe. The archaeological site and its environment are characterized, including both sites and ceramics collected over several years. Comparative studies will be established in the Galician and European archaeological architectures and ceramics will be studied from a formal point of view to identify phases of activity in the area and try to understand from both studies the possible chronological evolution of the area as a whole.

This volume brings together 17 carefully selected articles, written by 43 researchers, who presented an initial form of their projects during the 15th International Bell Beaker Conference “From Atlantic to Ural”, organised in May 2011 in Poio (Spain) by the University of Santiago Compostela and the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS).
Could the circulation of objects or ideas and the mobility of artisans explain the unprecedented uniformity of the material culture observed throughout the whole of Europe? This was the basic theme of the 15th International Bell Beaker Conference, where 60 contributions were presented. The successful attendance and the quality of the projects that were presented during the conference suggested a publication. This volume contains synthetic overviews, selected for their major interest in the Bell Beaker phenomenon in Europe and for
the different perspectives they offer. Indeed, Bell Beaker pottery is no longer the main protagonist of the current studies, which are henceforth focused on social groups (craft specialists, warriors, chiefs, extended or nuclear families), using technological studies and physical anthropology to understand the mobility patterns during the 3rd millennium BC. Chronological evolution is used to reconstruct the rhythm of the Bell Beaker diffusion and the environmental background that could explain this mobility and the socioeconomic changes observed during this period of transition toward Bronze Age societies.
The chapters are mainly organised geographically, as the archaeological data and the research traditions are different according to European countries. We begin with eastern Europe and continue through to the Mediterranean shores and finish with the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula, including some of the areas that are traditionally studied and well known, such as France, the British Isles or central Europe, and also areas that have so far been considered peripheral, such as Norway, Denmark or Galicia, which are usually absent from summaries on Bell Beakers. This journey not only offers a complex and diverse image of Bell Beaker societies but also of a supra-regional structure that articulated a new type of society on an unprecedented scale.

In Galicia (NW Spain) there are few sites dating from the second half of the second millennium BC, and these have not been investigated in any detail, with attention mainly focused on metallic material culture. The pottery is usually considered as being very uniform in nature and lacking decoration. However, recent studies have shown that this idea of homogeneity and a lack of decoration for pottery from this stage of the Bronze Age is untrue. This said, it is possible to identify an important legacy from the undecorated pottery that accompanied Bell Beaker pottery, as well as some new shapes indicating important new developments in prehistoric pottery know-how, not only in Galicia but also in the north of Portugal. In this paper we will focus on a specific type of pottery, known as Wide Horizontal Rim (WHRv) pottery, which is mainly decorated and exclusively found in the NW Iberian Peninsula, as it makes it possible to support and even update a theme that has been firmly rooted in the specialised literature for many years, based on the type of relationships that unite, or otherwise disunite, the east and west of Western Europe. Effectively, some of the vessels belonging to this type of pottery contain a type of decoration that is unique in the NW Iberian Peninsula for two main reasons: (1) the use of a new technique, stamping, which appears for the first time in this region. Until recently, in Galicia stamping was presumed to be a technique that belonged to the Second Iron Age; and (2) in the use of new motifs, which recur in Late Prehistory: concentric circles, in clearly defined patterns. The combination of these new developments is especially noteworthy because, on the one hand, these developments seem to coincide at the same time in cultures in France and Eastern Europe, and on the other hand, because they clearly reveal the active involvement of Galicia within the mesh of networks of circulation in Europe, which can clearly be seen from the Neolithic onwards. In summary, in our paper, by exploring pottery studies in general and WHR pottery in particular, we aim to show the possible relationships Galicia had as a key territory with the European continent and its Atlantic areas. Résumé En Galice (NW Espagne) il y a peu de sites datant de la seconde moitié du deuxième millénaire avant JC, et ceux-ci n'a pas été étudiée en détail, avec une attention principalement axé sur les matériaux métalliques. La poterie est généralement considérée comme étant très uniforme dans sa nature et sans décoration. Cependant, des études récentes ont montré que cette idée d'homogénéité et un manque de décoration pour la poterie de cette étape de l'Age du Bronze est faux. Cela dit, il est possible d'identifier un legs important de la poterie non décorée qui a accompagné le campaniforme, ainsi que quelques nouvelles formes indiquant des nouveaux développements importants dans le savoir-faire de la poterie préhistorique, non seulement en Galice, mais aussi dans le nord du Portugal. Dans cet article nous allons nous concentrer sur un type spécifique de poterie, connu comme le vase de Large Bord Horizontal (WHRv), qui est principalement décoré et exclusivement dans le nord ouest de la péninsule ibérique, car il permet de soutenir et même mettre à jour un thème qui a été fermement enracinée dans la littérature spécialisée depuis de nombreuses années, basé sur le type de relations qui unissent, ou autrement désunir, l'est et l'ouest de l'Europe occidentale. En effet, certains des formes appartenant à ce type de poterie contiennent un type de décoration qui est unique dans la péninsule ibérique

M. P. Prieto Martínez, O. Lantes Suárez, A. Alonso Toucido. 2015.
In Raquel Martínez Peñín y Gregoria Cavero Domínguez (eds.) ‘Evolución de los espacios urbanos y sus territorios en el Noroeste de la Península Ibérica’, pp. 253-268. Universidad de León. Instituto de Estudios Medievales. ISBN: 978-84-942791-8-8.

[ES] Se presenta una síntesis del trabajo arqueológico de Seguimiento que está siendo llevado a cabo en las obras de la Autopista Santiago-Alto de Santo Domingo (de empresa constructora Dozón UTE). El trabajo arqueológico se inició en enero de 2001, y está previsto que sea finalizado a principios de 2003. Este trabajo forma parte del Plan de Corrección de Impacto Arqueológico de las obras. El tramo Santiago-Alto de Santo Domingo, de 36,600 km de longitud, ofrece un transepto muy significativo desde el punto de vista geográfico y arqueológico y que representa la variedad de paisajes de la Galicia medio-interior. Es la primera vez en Galicia que se realiza un trabajo integral de estas características que incluye todas las fases del Plan de Corrección de Impacto Arqueológico sobre el Patrimonio Cultural producido por estas obras. Dentro de los trabajos de corrección se incluye: el seguimiento a pie de obra, sondeos arqueológicos, excavaciones, la coordinación con la empresa constructora y entre dicha empresa y la Dirección Xeral de Patrimonio Cultural. Al ser llevado a cabo por el mismo equipo de trabajo, se facilita la coordinación tanto de la gestión del trabajo en sí como de la información. Se destacan aspectos metodológicos del trabajo arqueológico y las diferentes problemáticas que surgen en una obra de trazado lineal como la autopista en relación con el Patrimonio Cultural. Los elementos afectados principalmente son de carácter arqueológico y etnográfico, por lo cual se ofrecerá algún ejemplo concreto documentado en la obra.

Se presentan los resultados de las intervenciones arqueológicas llevadas a cabo en el lugar de A Pousada (Santiago de Compostela) durante los trabajos de seguimiento arqueológico de la autopista Santiago-Alto de Santo Domingo. Durante las mismas se documentó un despoblado que tiene su origen en época altomedieval y es abandonado en época moderna.

Se presentan los resultados de las intervenciones arqueológicas llevadas a cabo en el lugar de Carballeira do Espíritu Santo (Silleda) durante los trabajos de seguimiento arqueológico de la autopista Santiago-Alto de Santo Domingo. Se analiza la tipología de las estructuras y la cultura material documentadas y se propone una interpretación sobre la organización espacial del yacimiento.

Settlements from the second half of the second millennium BC and the first few centuries of the first millennium  BC are relatively unknown in Galicia. The best-studied sites are metallic deposits and burials, while less attention has been paid to the settlements, a problem that is further aggravated by having practically no datings. However, in recent years a number of studies have been published that deal with the record from these types of sites. Based on the data that is now available, we believe it is possible to offer a preliminary  summary of the basic features of certain elements from these settlements, such as studies concerned with how their domestic space was organised, or regarding their emplacement. A great deal of work still has to be done on the internal organisation of these settlements, as only very small areas have been excavated, but our aim is to offer a general overview of the current situation. Our empirical base is quite small (9 sites), although we do have radiocarbon datings for most of them, and it is possible to clearly define the typical structures found in the settlements. The province of Pontevedra contains the majority of these sites (5), which are Carballeira
do Espíritu Santo (Silleda), Monte Buxel (Pazos de Borbén), Os Pericos (Ribeira), Setepías (Cambados) and
Chan das Pozas (Campolameiro). In the region’s other three provinces we have a considerably smaller number, with two sites in Ourense: O Fuxiño (Piñor) and O Cepo (San Cibráo de Viñas); one in Lugo, the petroglyph of  Pena Fita (Lugo) and another in the province of A Coruña, the fortified settlement of Punta de Muros (Arteixo).  Based on the existing data we have found clear similarities with other European regions, both in the Atlantic and Mediterranean areas, especially with regard to the layout of the dwellings in the settlements. As a result, in addition to identifying similarities between the metallurgy and pottery, we can demonstrate a connection between Galicia and other regions through studying these settlements. Our aim is to identify and offer an initial definition of the features that make it possible to identify connections between Galicia and other parts of Europe, and from there to try and understand a number of possibly European influences not only on the organisation of the dwellings, but also the families in this part of the north-west Iberian Peninsula.

Scholars who will study the historiography of the European Neolithic, more particularly with regards to the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, will observe a progressive change in the core understanding of this period. For several decades the concept of “culture” has been privileged and the adopted approach aimed to highlight the most significant markers likely to emphasise the character of a given culture and to stress its specificities, the foundations of its identity. In short, earlier research aimed primarily to highlight the differences between cultures by stressing the most distinctive features of each of them. The tendency was to differentiate, single out, and identify cultural boundaries. However, over the last few years this perspective has been universally challenged. Although regional originality and particularisms are still a focus of study, the research community is now interested in widely diffused markers, in medium-scale or large-scale circulation, and in interactions that make it possible to go beyond the traditional notion of “archaeological culture”. The networks related to raw materials or finished products are currently leading us to re-think the history of Neolithic populations on a more general and more global scale. The aim is no longer to stress differences, but on the contrary to identify what links cultures together, what reaches beyond regionalism in order to try to uncover the underlying transcultural phenomena. From culturalism, we have moved on to its deconstruction. This is indeed a complete change in perspective. This new approach certainly owes a great deal to all kinds of methods, petrographic, metal, chemical and other analyses, combined with effective tools such as the GIS systems that provide a more accurate picture of the sources, exchanges or relays used by these groups. It is also true that behind the facts observed there are social organisations involving prospectors, extractors, craftsmen, distributors, sponsors, users, and recyclers. We therefore found it appropriate to organise a session on the theme “Materials, productions, exchange networks and their impact on the societies of Neolithic Europe”.

How is it possible to identify the circulation of materials or of finished objects in Neolithic Europe, as well as the social networks involved? Several approaches exist for the researcher, and the present volume provides some examples.

This paper presents a series of 25 previously unpublished radiocarbon dates from the oppidum of San Cibrán de Las, one of the most important and thoroughly excavated Iron Age sites in the NW Iberian Peninsula. These 14C datesarediscussed onthebasisofaBayesiananalysis.Theresultsrevealamuchlongeroccupationhistoryofthe site than previously thought. Moreover, the data offer new light into the much-debated question of the origin of the large fortified sites known as oppida in the region. The evidence from San Cibrán de Las clearly suggests a pre-Roman origin for at least some of the oppida, thus challenging traditional interpretations about the origins of urbanism in northern Iberia.